Utah Special Function Officer (SFO) Practice Exam

What characterizes a Level 2 stop?

1. A clear intent to arrest

2. Low suspicion of criminal activity

3. A reasonable belief that a crime occurred

4. A random check of individuals

The correct answer is: A reasonable belief that a crime occurred

In the context of law enforcement and investigatory stops, a Level 2 stop is characterized by a reasonable belief that a crime has occurred. This level of stop requires officers to have specific, articulable facts that suggest that a crime is likely in progress or has been committed, distinguishing it from a Level 1 encounter, which involves mere consensual contacts where individuals are free to leave. The significance of having a "reasonable belief" implies that the officer must be able to point to specific facts or circumstances that lead them to this conclusion. This could involve behavior that aligns with criminal activity or other indicators that warrant further investigation. It is more than just a vague suspicion; it requires a tangible basis for belief. In contrast, a clear intent to arrest is associated more with Level 3 stops, where probable cause is established. Additionally, low suspicion of criminal activity does not meet the threshold for even a Level 1 encounter, which is based on voluntary interactions. Random checks do not consider specific facts that could establish reasonable belief and typically fall outside the parameters of lawful stops. Thus, understanding the nuances of these levels of stops is critical for law enforcement officers in ensuring that their actions comply with legal standards while protecting individuals' rights.